![]() However, larger clinical trials are needed to translate these approaches to patient care.ĭNA damage secondary to radiation, chemical agents or accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the main cause of cellular senescence-inducing stress. Early clinical trials confirm that senotherapeutic approaches could be beneficial in human disease. Therapies that target senescence, including senolytic and senomorphic drugs, stem cell therapies and other interventions, have been shown to extend lifespan and reduce tissue injury in various animal models. In the kidney, senescence might have beneficial roles during development and recovery from injury, but can also contribute to the progression of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. In addition to driving ageing, senescence of immune and parenchymal cells contributes to the development of a variety of diseases and metabolic disorders. Several biomarkers of cellular senescence have been identified, including SA-βgal, p16 and p21 however, few markers have high sensitivity and specificity. ![]() Senescent cells also exhibit morphological alterations, including flattened cell bodies, vacuolization and granularity in the cytoplasm and abnormal organelles. Cellular senescence involves cell-cycle arrest and the release of inflammatory cytokines with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine activities. However, prolonged senescence can be maladaptive, leading to cancer development and age-related diseases. ![]() ![]() ![]() Cellular senescence is a ubiquitous process with roles in tissue remodelling, including wound repair and embryogenesis. ![]()
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